thp 1  (Elabscience Biotechnology)

Journal: Regenerative Therapy

Article Title: WTAP stabilizes MMP12 expression to promote the malignant phenotypes of esophageal cancer cells

doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2026.101101

Figure Lengend Snippet: MMP12 silencing inhibited M2 macrophage polarization. THP-1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages (THP-1 M0) by treatment with 100 ng/mL PMA for 24 h. (A) Flow cytometry was used to quantify the number of CD68-positive cells. Subsequently, KYSE150 cells were co-cultured with the THP-1-derived macrophages using a Transwell system. (B) The mRNA levels of IL-10, Arg-1, and TGF-β were detected by qRT-PCR. (C) Flow cytometry was used to quantify the number of CD206-positive macrophages. (D) Cell migration analysis by transwell migration assay. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For immunophenotyping, single-cell suspensions of both THP-1 and THP-1-M0 cells were labeled with an anti-CD68 antibody (E-AB-F1299L, Elabscience, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Migration, Transwell Migration Assay

Journal: Regenerative Therapy

Article Title: WTAP stabilizes MMP12 expression to promote the malignant phenotypes of esophageal cancer cells

doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2026.101101

Figure Lengend Snippet: WTAP silencing inhibited M2 macrophage polarization by regulating MMP12. THP-1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages (THP-1 M0) by treatment with 100 ng/mL PMA for 24 h. KYSE150 cells were transfected with si-WTAP, MMP12 overexpression plasmid, or the matched control (si-NC and oe-NC). Subsequently, these KYSE150 cells were co-cultured with the THP-1-derived macrophages using a Transwell system. (A) The mRNA levels of IL-10, Arg-1, and TGF-β were detected by qRT-PCR. (B) Flow cytometry was used to quantify the number of CD206-positive macrophages. (C) Cell migration analysis by transwell migration assay. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For immunophenotyping, single-cell suspensions of both THP-1 and THP-1-M0 cells were labeled with an anti-CD68 antibody (E-AB-F1299L, Elabscience, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Transfection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, Migration, Transwell Migration Assay

Journal: Archives of oral biology

Article Title: Hesperetin modulates osteoprogenitor cells and macrophages under zoledronic acid and inflammatory stress

doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106538

Figure Lengend Snippet: Establishment of an in vitro inflammatory microenvironment and modulation by hesperetin. (A) Experimental design for macrophage differentiation (M0 phenotype) and M1 polarization from the THP-1 monocytic cell line. (B) Immunofluorescence showing the expression of iNOS (M1 polarization marker) 24 h after LPS treatment. (C) Synthesis of TNF-α and IL-6 by M1-polarized THP-1-derived macrophages 24 h after LPS treatments. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 4). Different letters denote statistically significant differences (One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, α=5 %). (D) Cell viability, and synthesis of (E) TNF-α, (F) IL-1α, and (G) IL-6 by M1-polarized THP-1-derived macrophages 24 h after hesperetin (HT) treatments combined (+LPS) or not (−LPS) with 1 μg/mL LPS. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 4). For all graphs, uppercase letters indicate statistical comparisons between treatments within the conditions (−LPS or +LPS), while lowercase letters compare treatments across different conditions (−LPS or +LPS). Different letters denote statistically significant differences (Two-way ANOVA/Sidak’s test, α=5 %).

Article Snippet: The THP-1 human monocytic cell line (TIB-202, LOT: 70061669, American Type Culture Collection, ATCC) was grown in RPMI 1640 Medium (ATCC modification, Gibco) supplemented with 0.05 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 % penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco), and 10 % FBS (Gibco).

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Marker, Derivative Assay

Journal: Archives of oral biology

Article Title: Hesperetin modulates osteoprogenitor cells and macrophages under zoledronic acid and inflammatory stress

doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106538

Figure Lengend Snippet: Establishment of a Co-Culture System to Mimic Inflammatory and ZA-Challenged Bone Microenvironments. (A, B) Cell viability and representative microscopy of aBMSCs and THP-1 cells under basal conditions, cultured either alone or in co-culture, at 24 h and 72 h. (C, D) Effects of LPS challenge (1 μg/mL) on cell viability and morphology at 24 h and 72 h. (E, F) Effects of ZA pre-treatment (5 μM, 3 days) in aBMSCs followed by LPS challenge on cell viability and morphology at 24 h and 72 h. Scale bar = 460 μm for all images. Black arrows indicate increased THP-1 cell rounding and clustering following inflammatory stimulation. Red arrows indicate pronounced morphological disruption, including regions with increased cellular debris. Red asterisks indicate areas of reduced aBMSC density and loss of confluence, particularly following the combined ZA and LPS challenge. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 8). Uppercase letters indicate comparisons between culture conditions at the same time point, while lowercase letters indicate comparisons across time points. Different letters denote statistically significant differences (Two-way ANOVA/Sidak’s test, α = 0.05).

Article Snippet: The THP-1 human monocytic cell line (TIB-202, LOT: 70061669, American Type Culture Collection, ATCC) was grown in RPMI 1640 Medium (ATCC modification, Gibco) supplemented with 0.05 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 % penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco), and 10 % FBS (Gibco).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Microscopy, Cell Culture, Disruption

Journal: Archives of oral biology

Article Title: Hesperetin modulates osteoprogenitor cells and macrophages under zoledronic acid and inflammatory stress

doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106538

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modulatory effects of hesperetin on the inflammatory co-culture system (A) Experimental design: aBMSCs and THP-1 were grown individually for 3 days. The aBMSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium (OM medium), while THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages (M0 phenotype). Then, both cells were cocultured and either stimulated with LPS for an additional 24 h (PC) or not (NC). Cells stimulated with LPS were simultaneously treated with hesperetin (20 μM HT). Cells were exposed to the treatments for 24 h only and cultured for up to 21 days. (B) Cell viability after 1, 3, and 7 days. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 8). Uppercase letters indicate statistical comparisons between treatments within the same time point, while lowercase letters compare treatments across different time points. Different letters denote statistically significant differences (Two-way ANOVA/Sidak’s test, α=5 %). (C) Mineralized matrix formation after 21 days, and (D) synthesis of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 by 24 h after LPS treatments. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 8). Different letters denote statistically significant differences (One-way ANOVA/Tukey’s test, α=5 %).

Article Snippet: The THP-1 human monocytic cell line (TIB-202, LOT: 70061669, American Type Culture Collection, ATCC) was grown in RPMI 1640 Medium (ATCC modification, Gibco) supplemented with 0.05 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 % penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco), and 10 % FBS (Gibco).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: Immune profiling links autoimmune hepatitis to human herpesvirus 6 and relaxin receptor antigens

doi: 10.1084/jem.20250959

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum from AIH patients with anti-RXFP1 activity inhibits relaxin-2 signaling through RXFP1 in an IgG-dependent manner. (a) Putative structure of RXFP1, as depicted using ChimeraX; the region corresponding to the RXFP1 peptide identified by PhIP-seq is highlighted in red, along with annotation of functional domains (for schematic representation, see panel inset). (b) Assay of relaxin-2–induced induction of cAMP by RXFP1, in THP-1 cells preincubated with [1:100] dilution of patient serum negative (green) or positive (red) for RXFP1 antibodies; relaxin concentration, x axis; cAMP response reported as a percentage of untreated control signal, y axis. (c) Measurement of relaxin-2 EC50 in ng/μl (y axis) for patient serum negative (green) or positive (red) for RXFP1 antibodies. (d) Depletion of IgG using protein A-G beads (x axis, right) or mock-depleted serum (x axis, left) was performed prior to incubating THP-1 cells with patient serum at [1:250]; resultant impact on relaxin-2 signal was expressed as a percentage of untreated signal (y axis).

Article Snippet: THP-1 cells were obtained via ATCC and seeded at a density of 1 × 10 6 cells/well of a 96-well plate.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Functional Assay, Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: REST-driven upregulation of SFXN3 promotes AML progression via Wnt/β-catenin activation and confers decitabine resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102705

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SFXN3 Knockdown on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Signaling Pathways in AML Cells. (A–C) qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to measure SFXN3 expression levels in various leukemia cell lines (THP-1, KG-1, U937, K562) and in normal bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5). (D) Two independent shRNAs (sh-SFXN3–1 and sh-SFXN3–2) were used to knock down SFXN3 expression in THP-1 and KG-1 cells. Western blot was performed to assess the knockdown efficiency and specificity. (E) Quantification of SFXN3 knockdown efficiency by different shRNAs. (F) CCK-8 cell proliferation assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of SFXN3 knockdown on cell growth dynamics over time. (G) EdU incorporation assays were used to assess DNA synthesis activity, indirectly reflecting cellular proliferation, and to compare differences between knockdown and control groups, (bar=50ųm). (H) Western blot analysis of key cell cycle regulatory proteins (CDK4, CDK6, P27, and P21) to investigate the potential mechanism by which SFXN3 affects cell cycle progression. (I) TUNEL assays were used to evaluate apoptosis levels in the knockdown versus control groups, assessing the role of SFXN3 in apoptosis suppression, (bar=50ųm). (J) Western blot analysis of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX and BAK) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl) in THP-1 and KG-1 cells following SFXN3 knockdown. (K) Correlation analysis between SFXN3 expression and key proteins in the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. (L) Subcellular fractionation followed by Western blotting was performed to assess β-catenin nuclear translocation. Cytoplasmic (Cyto) and nuclear (Nuc) fractions were probed for β-catenin, with β-actin (cytoplasmic marker) and Histon H3 (nuclear marker) used to confirm fractionation quality. Data are presented as mean ± SD. from three independent experiments ( n = 3). One-way ANOVA was used in (A, B, E), and two-way ANOVA was used in (F). *, p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The ATCC supplied the AML cell lines THP-1, KG-1, U937, and K562, and the stromal cell line HS-5.

Techniques: Knockdown, Protein-Protein interactions, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, DNA Synthesis, Activity Assay, Control, TUNEL Assay, Fractionation, Translocation Assay, Marker

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: REST-driven upregulation of SFXN3 promotes AML progression via Wnt/β-catenin activation and confers decitabine resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102705

Figure Lengend Snippet: The Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Agonist SKL2001 Reverses the Effects of SFXN3 Knockdown on Leukemia Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. (A) Western blot analysis of SFXN3 protein expression following SFXN3 knockdown and treatment with SKL2001, to assess whether SKL2001 significantly modulates SFXN3 expression. (B) CCK-8 assays were performed to evaluate whether SKL2001 could reverse the inhibitory effects of SFXN3 knockdown on the proliferation of THP-1 and KG-1 leukemia cells. (C) EdU staining assays were used to assess DNA synthesis activity, analyzing the ability of SKL2001 to restore proliferation suppressed by SFXN3 knockdown, (bar=50 ųm). (D) Quantitative analysis of EdU fluorescence intensity to evaluate DNA replication across different treatment groups. (E) Western blot analysis of cell cycle regulators CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin E1 to determine whether SKL2001 rescues the expression of these proteins in SFXN3-silenced cells. (F) Western blot analysis of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX, BAK) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl) to confirm that SKL2001 mitigates the apoptosis-promoting effects of SFXN3 knockdown. (G) TUNEL assays were conducted to assess whether SKL2001 suppresses the enhanced apoptosis induced by SFXN3 knockdown, (bar=50ųm). (H) Quantification of TUNEL fluorescence intensity, reflecting apoptosis levels under different treatment conditions. (I) Subcellular fractionation followed by Western blotting was performed to assess β-catenin nuclear translocation. Cytoplasmic (Cyto) and nuclear (Nuc) fractions were probed for β-catenin, with β-actin (cytoplasmic marker) and Histon H3 (nuclear marker) used to confirm fractionation quality. Data are presented as mean ± SD. from at least three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA was used in (D, H), and two-way ANOVA was used in (B). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 vs. control or scramble group.

Article Snippet: The ATCC supplied the AML cell lines THP-1, KG-1, U937, and K562, and the stromal cell line HS-5.

Techniques: Knockdown, Western Blot, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, Staining, DNA Synthesis, Activity Assay, Fluorescence, TUNEL Assay, Fractionation, Translocation Assay, Marker, Control

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: REST-driven upregulation of SFXN3 promotes AML progression via Wnt/β-catenin activation and confers decitabine resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102705

Figure Lengend Snippet: The REST–SFXN3 Axis Promotes Malignant Phenotypes in AML Cells via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. (A) Western blot analysis of the effect of REST knockdown (sh-REST) on SFXN3 expression, and the reversal of this effect by SFXN3 overexpression. (B) CCK-8 assays assess the impact of sh-REST and SFXN3 overexpression on AML cell proliferation. (C) EdU incorporation assays evaluate the effects of sh-REST and SFXN3 overexpression on DNA synthesis activity in AML cells, (bar=50ųm). (D) Quantification of EdU-positive cells to compare DNA synthesis capacity across groups. (E) Western blot analysis of proliferation-related proteins CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin E1 under sh-REST and SFXN3 overexpression conditions. (F) Band intensities were quantified using ImageJ software and normalized to the indicated internal controls. (G) TUNEL assays detect apoptotic cells after REST knockdown and SFXN3 overexpression, (bar=50ųm). (G) Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells in THP-1 and KG-1 cell lines. (H) Quantification of TUNEL fluorescence intensity, reflecting apoptosis levels under different treatment conditions. (I) Western blot evaluation of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX, BAK) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl), demonstrating REST knockdown promotes apoptosis, which is reversed by SFXN3 overexpression. (J) Subcellular fractionation followed by Western blotting was performed to assess β-catenin nuclear translocation. Cytoplasmic (Cyto) and nuclear (Nuc) fractions were probed for β-catenin, with β-actin (cytoplasmic marker) and Histon H3 (nuclear marker) used to confirm fractionation quality. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments ( n = 3).One-way ANOVA was used in (D, F,H), and two-way ANOVA was used in (B). **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The ATCC supplied the AML cell lines THP-1, KG-1, U937, and K562, and the stromal cell line HS-5.

Techniques: Western Blot, Knockdown, Expressing, Over Expression, CCK-8 Assay, DNA Synthesis, Activity Assay, Software, TUNEL Assay, Fluorescence, Fractionation, Translocation Assay, Marker

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: REST-driven upregulation of SFXN3 promotes AML progression via Wnt/β-catenin activation and confers decitabine resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102705

Figure Lengend Snippet: Decitabine Suppresses AML Cell Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis via SFXN3 Inhibition. (A) RT-PCR analysis of the effects of Gefitinib, Disulfiram, and Decitabine on SFXN3 mRNA expression. (B) Western blot analysis of SFXN3 protein levels following treatment with Gefitinib, Disulfiram, and Decitabine. (C) CCK-8 assay to calculate the IC50 values of Decitabine in THP-1 and KG-1 cells, identifying appropriate drug concentrations for subsequent experiments (D) CCK-8 assays were performed to evaluate AML cell viability at 6,12,24,48, and 72 h following treatment with 50 nm decitabine, thereby determining the optimal treatment duration. E) EdU incorporation assay evaluating the proliferation capacity of AML cells after Decitabine treatment, (bar=50ųm). (F) Western blot analysis of proliferation-related proteins (P21, P27, CDK4, and CDK6) following Decitabine treatment. (G) TUNEL staining to detect DNA fragmentation at the 3′-OH ends, marking apoptotic cells after Decitabine exposure, (bar=50ųm). (H) Western blot analysis of pro-apoptotic (e.g., BAX, BAK) and anti-apoptotic (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xl) protein expression in response to Decitabine. (I) Western blot analysis of key components of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway after Decitabine treatment, revealing pathway inhibition. Subcellular fractionation followed by Western blotting was performed to assess β-catenin nuclear translocation. Cytoplasmic (Cyto) and nuclear (Nuc) fractions were probed for β-catenin, with β-actin (cytoplasmic marker) and Histon H3 (nuclear marker) used to confirm fractionation quality. n = 3,Error bars indicate mean ± SD; One-way ANOVA in (D, F); **, p < 0.01, *** p <0.001.

Article Snippet: The ATCC supplied the AML cell lines THP-1, KG-1, U937, and K562, and the stromal cell line HS-5.

Techniques: Inhibition, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Western Blot, CCK-8 Assay, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Fractionation, Translocation Assay, Marker

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Targeting FN1 to overcome gemcitabine resistance in gallbladder cancer: Mechanistic insights and an iRGD-modified PEG-PLGA nanoparticle delivery strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102877

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of FN1 knockdown on the immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBC-SD/GEM cells. Note: (A) Schematic of immunosuppressive cells and cytokines detection in tumor tissues; (B) FCM analysis of Tregs infiltration levels in GBC-SD/GEM cell xenograft tissues in various mouse groups; (C) FCM analysis of M2 and M1 macrophage infiltration levels in GBC-SD/GEM cell xenograft tissues from different mouse groups; (D-E) RT-qPCR analysis of immunosuppressive factors expression in GBC-SD/GEM cell xenograft tissues from various mouse groups; (F) Schematic of in vitro co-culture of GEM-resistant GBC cells with THP-1 and CD4 + T cells; (G) FCM analysis of Tregs levels in CD4 + T cells after co-culture with GBC-SD/GEM cells; (H) FCM analysis of M2 and M1 macrophage levels in THP-1 cells post co-culture with GBC-SD/GEM cells; (I) RT-qPCR analysis of IL-10 or CSF-1 expression in CD4 + T or THP-1 cells after co-culture with GBC-SD/GEM cells. In B-E, ∗ indicates p < 0.05 compared to the sh-NC + GEM group, each group consisting of 6 mice; in G-I, ∗ indicates p < 0.05 compared to the sh-NC group, # indicates p < 0.05 compared to the oe-NC group, experiments repeated three times.

Article Snippet: Human GBC cell lines NOZ (CC-Y1668) and GBC-SD (CC-Y1162) were obtained from Shanghai EK-Bioscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Human monocytic cells THP-1 (TIB-202) and 293T cells (CRL-3216) were purchased from the ATCC.

Techniques: Knockdown, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, In Vitro, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Targeting FN1 to overcome gemcitabine resistance in gallbladder cancer: Mechanistic insights and an iRGD-modified PEG-PLGA nanoparticle delivery strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102877

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of NPs delivering si-FN1 on drug resistance and immune cell infiltration in GBC-SD/GEM cells. Note: (A) Schematic of the experimental setup for studying the impact of NPs delivering si-FN1 on GBC GEM resistance; (B-C) RT-qPCR (B) and Western Blot (C) analysis of FN1 and PI3K pathway protein expression in GBC-SD/GEM cells treated with NPs (si-FN1) and iRGD-NPs (si-FN1); (D) CCK-8 assay assessing the viability changes in GBC-SD/GEM cells after treatment with NPs (si-FN1) and iRGD-NPs (si-FN1); (E) Clonogenic assay evaluating colony formation in various groups of GBC-SD/GEM and NOZ/GEM cells; (F) FCM analysis of apoptosis in GBC-SD/GEM cells across different groups; (G) FCM analysis of Tregs levels in CD4 + T cells after co-culture with GBC-SD/GEM cells; (H) FCM analysis of M2 and M1 macrophage levels in THP-1 cells after co-culture with GBC-SD/GEM cells; (I) RT-qPCR analysis of IL-10 or CSF-1 expression in CD4 + T or THP-1 cells co-cultured with GBC-SD/GEM cells. ∗ indicates p < 0.05 compared to the NPs (si-NC) group, # indicates p < 0.05 compared to the NPs (si-FN1) group, experiments repeated three times.

Article Snippet: Human GBC cell lines NOZ (CC-Y1668) and GBC-SD (CC-Y1162) were obtained from Shanghai EK-Bioscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Human monocytic cells THP-1 (TIB-202) and 293T cells (CRL-3216) were purchased from the ATCC.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, Clonogenic Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Cell Culture